Urgency of applying the concept of warranty of habitability in house lease agreements in Indonesia
Keywords:
Leasehold, Residential Eligibility, Warranty of HabitabilityAbstract
Adequate housing as a place to live is a human right protected under the Human Rights Act. Shelter is not limited to property rights but also rental housing. Decent housing arrangements are then mentioned in the Housing and Settlement Area Law, namely building safety requirements, minimum building area adequacy, and occupant health. If the freehold housing does not meet the livable criteria, the government's solution is to overcome it with financial assistance. Furthermore, to this day, there is no regulation forcing homeowners who rent out their dwellings to meet the standards of livability. In this case, in order to guarantee the quality of life of tenants, the lease agreement needs to follow the provisions of the warranty of habitability from the United States. This legal research uses normative legal research methods, with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. The criteria for warranty of habitability in the United States vary from the regulation of each state. If the warranty of habitability is not fulfilled and if afterwards the tenant's constructive notice is ignored by the landlord, the tenant can file a case with the respective state court, with the final result of abatement (reduction of rent) or even waiver of rent. If a landlord in Indonesia wants to rent out his/her dwelling, it is necessary to regulate this kind of coercive warranty of habitability and the lease agreement in Indonesia is no longer entirely private.
References
Ardimas A.D. Wahyuwono dan Warah Atikah. (2022). Pembangunan Rumah Layak Huni dari Perspektif Hukum Perumahan dan Pemukiman (Studi Kasus Program Bantuan Rumah Tidak Layak Huni di Desa Dawuhan Kabupaten Trenggalek). Jurnal Kajian Konstitusi, 2(1), 3.
Ashley A. Akerman. (2016). Heat Stress and Dehydration in Adapting for Performance: Good, Bad, Both, or Neither? Temperature, 3(3), 412.
Brilian, A. P. (2023.). Survei: Gen Z Lebih Pilih Ngontrak Ketimbang Beli Rumah, Ini Alasannya. Detik.Com. https://www.detik.com/properti/berita/d-6802779/survei-gen-z-lebih-pilih-ngontrak-ketimbang-beli-rumah-ini-alasannya
Cecilia Waha dan Jemmy Sondakh. (2014). Pemenuhan Hak Atas Perumahan Yang Layak Bagi Masyarakat Miskin Di Perkotaan (Suatu Kajian Dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia). Jurnal LPPM, 1(2), 87.
Chen, J. (n.d.). Implied Warranty of Habitability: Meaning, Pros and Cons. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/iwoh.asp#:~:text=Key Takeaways-,An implied warranty of habitability is an unstated guarantee that
Edward W. De Barbieri dan Jordan Fruchter. (2023). Digitizing the Warranty of Habitability. UC Irvine Law Review, 69(1), 528.
Georgios D. Kontes; et.al. (2017). Using Thermostats for Indoor Climate Control in Office Buildings: The Effect on Thermal Comfort. Energies, 10(1368), 1.
Ground Water and Drinking Water: Basic Information about Your Drinking Water. (n.d.). Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-your-drinking-water#:~:text=The United States enjoys one,by regulating public water systems
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (diadopsi 16 Desember 1966, mulai berlaku 3 Januari 1976) 993 UNTS 3, disahkan melalui Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 11 Tahun 2005 tentang Pengesahan International Covenant on Economic, Social and . (n.d.). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. https://ham.go.id/download/kovenan-internasional-tentang-hak-ekonomi-sosial-dan-budaya-ind/
Jumlah Penduduk Pertengahan Tahun (Ribu Jiwa). (n.d.). Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/12/1975/1/jumlah-penduduk-pertengahan-tahun.html
Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata.
Kutipan merupakan terjemahan asli dari PBB, dengan versi asli bahasa inggrisnya “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing…”. (2023). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian
Lam, L. (n.d.). The Coldest Temperatures On Record In All 50 States. Weather.Com. https://weather.com/safety/winter/news/2022-12-16-coldest-temperature-records-united-states
Landlord/Tenant Answer In Person: Fact Sheet. (n.d.). NY Government. https://nycourts.gov/courts/nyc/housing/pdfs/warrantyofhabitability.pdf
Laws of N.Y, (2014).
Legal Aid Society of Notheastern NY. (n.d.). The Differences between Federal, State, and Local Laws. Law Help. https://www.lawhelp.org/resource/the-differences-between-federal-state-and-loc
Löfquist, L. (2020). Is There a Universal Human Right to Electricity? The International Journal of Human Rights, 24(6), 711.
Mahalia N. Pohan dan Sri Hidayani. (2020). Aspek Hukum Terhadap Wanprestasi Dalam Perjanjian Sewa Menyewa Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Jurnal Perspektif Hukum, 1(1), 53.
Marzuki, P. M. (2016). Penelitian Hukum Edisi Revisi. In Cetakan XII. Prenada Media Group.
Mike Hughes. (n.d.). Why Access To Energy Should Be A Basic Human Right. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikehughes1/2018/12/10/why-access-to-energy-should-be-a-basic-human-right/?sh=20d65e645f2e
Milano Dolo. (2018). Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Sewa Menyewa Rumah. Lex Privatum, 6(10), 150.
Monavia Ayu Rizaty. (n.d.). Rumah Tangga di Jakarta Paling Banyak Tinggal Mengontrak. Databoks Katadata. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2021/04/28/rumah-tangga-di-jakarta-paling-banyak-tinggal-mengontrak
Nolo. (2023.). State Landlord-Tenant Laws. Nolo. https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/state-landlord-tenant-laws
Oslon, K. C. (1999). Legal Information: How to Find It, How to Use It. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Paige Zhang; et.al. (2019). Cold Weather Conditions and Risk of Hypothermia Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Implications for Prevention Strategies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 1.
Paula A. Franzese; et.all. (2016). The Implied Warranty Of Habitability Lives: Making Real The Promise of Landlord-Tenant Reform. Rutgers University Law Review, 13(2), 41.
Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 13/PRT/M/2016 tentang Bantuan Stimulan Perumahan Swadaya.
Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 18/PRT/M/2017 tentang Bantuan Pembiayaan Perumahan Berbasis Tabungan.
Peraturan Menteri Sosial Nomor 20 Tahun 2017 tentang Rehabilitasi Sosial Rumah Tidak Layak Huni dan Sarana Prasarana Lingkungan.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman.
Peter de Cruz. (1999). Comparative Law in a Changing World. Cavendish Publishing Limited.
Proporsi Rumah Tangga Dengan Status Kepemilikan Rumah Milik Dan Sewa/Kontrak Menurut Jenis Kelamin 2020-2022. (n.d.). Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/29/2020/1/proporsi-rumah-tangga-dengan-status-kepemilikan-rumah-milik-dan-sewa-kontrak-menurut-jenis-kelamin.html
Seraphina Di Mizzurati. (n.d.). Experts share their most effective methods to handle extreme heat at home. Homes & Gardens. https://www.homesandgardens.com/solved/extreme-heat-at-home
Skilling, T. (n.d.). Las Vegas just tied their all-time high temperature at 117 degrees. Has Illinois ever recorded a similar temperature? WGN9. https://wgntv.com/weather/weather-blog/las-vegas-just-tied-their-all-time-high-temperature-at-117-degrees-has-illinois-ever-recorded-a-similar-temperature/
Soekanto, S. (2007). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. UI Press.
Stebbins, S. (2022.). States Where the Most People Rent Their Homes. 24/7 Wall. https://247wallst.com/special-report/2022/05/20/states-where-the-most-people-rent-their-homes/11/
Suryodiningrat, R. M. (2002). Perikatan-Perikatan Bersumber Perjanjian. Tarsito.
Tamboto, A. Y. (2016). Penerapan Prinsip-prinsip Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia (Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999). Lex Privatum, 4(26), 78.
Tim Parker. (n.d.). Top 6 Tips for Turning Your Home Into a Rental Property. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1011/top-6-tips-for-turning-your-home-into-a-rental-property.aspx
Undang-Undang Dasar Negeri Republik 1945.
Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2011 tentang Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman.
Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia.
Uniform Law Comission. (n.d.). What is a Uniform Act? UniformLaws. https://www.uniformlaws.org/acts/overview/uniformacts
Warranty of Habitability. (n.d.). Colorado Legal Services. https://www.coloradolegalservices.org/node/342/warranty-habitability
When a Landlord Won’t Make Repairs. (n.d.). Law NY. https://www.lawny.org/node/131/when-landlord-wont-make-repairs
