The implementation of the domestic workers protection law in Indonesia from a human rights perspective

William Rando Bayakta

doi:10.35335/ijopsor.v14i1.332

Penulis

William Rando Bayakta Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35335/ijopsor.v14i1.332

Kata Kunci:

Domestic Workers, Human Rights, Implementation of Laws, Legal Protection, Protection of Domestic Workers

Abstrak

This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection for domestic workers (PRT) in Indonesia based on applicable laws and regulations reviewed from a human rights perspective, as well as to identify legal obstacles and efforts to strengthen the protection of domestic workers' rights. The research method used is normative legal research (juridical normative) with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Research data were obtained through a literature study using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia is still not optimal because there is no specific law that comprehensively regulates the status and protection of domestic workers, thus creating a legal vacuum in the practice of domestic employment relations. In addition, weak supervision, minimal recognition of the status of domestic workers in the national employment system, and low legal awareness are the main obstacles in fulfilling the rights of domestic workers. From a human rights perspective, the state has an obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill the rights of domestic workers by strengthening regulations, increasing access to justice, and accelerating the ratification of special regulations to ensure fair and dignified legal protection.

Referensi

Bahtiar, K. R., Purnawan, M. Z. Z., Resyandi, H. F., Adiwidya, W. A., Setiaji, R. A., Ramadhana, R., & Syihab, D. M. (2025). A article Protecting Domestic Workers: The Urgency of Legal Reform. Lex Favor Reo, 1(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.26740/lfr.v1i1.42825

Farandy, F., & Rizkianti, W. (2025). Analysis of Legal Protection For Household Workers Without Employment Contracts. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 5(12), 14749–14763. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v5i12.52551

Fattah, M. D. Al, & Syahputra, A. (2025). IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN MENTERI KETENAGAKERJAAN NO.2 TAHUN 2015 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN PEKERJA RUMAH TANGGA STUDI TERHADAP HAK UPAH DAN WAKTU BEKERJA. Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS), 7(1), 186–199. https://doi.org/10.33474/jas.v7i1.23927

Hapsoro, F. L., Maulidah, K., Jadidah, F., Lita, A., Wendra, M., Wicaksono, M. R., & Supriyanto. (2025). MODEL OF SUPERVISION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO ENSURE THE PROTECTION AND WELFARE OF DOMESTIC WORKERS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE CITY OF EAST JAKARTA. SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL, 14(4), 2429–2445. https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6316

Ista Pranoto, B. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Rumah Tangga di Indonesia. Jurnal Lex Renaissance, 7(4), 745–762. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol7.iss4.art5

Izdihar, R. J., & Shalihah, F. (2024). ANALYSIS OF THE URGENCY OF THE IMPROVEMENT AND RATIFICATION OF DOMESTIC WORKERS PROTECTION BILL ON THE FULFILLMENT OF DOMESTIC WORKERS’RIGHTS. Ahmad Dahlan Indonesian Law Journal, 2(2).

Liem, A., Puspita, S. S., Fajar, & Anggraini, L. (2024). Securing the rights and health of domestic workers: the importance of ratifying the ILO’s C189. Globalization and Health, 20(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-024-01065-5

Marzán, C. F. R. (2024). Personal and Political: How the Illinois Domestic Workers’ Bill of Rights Connected Lives. UC Davis Law Review, 57.

Marzuki, P. M. (2017). Penelitian Hukum. Prenada Media.

Muda, R. D. A. (2025). Juridical Review of the Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence Based on Law Number 23 of 2004. Judge : Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.54209/judge.v6i02.1338

Muhammad, N. R. S. (2025). RUU PERLINDUNGAN PEKERJA RUMAH TANGGA : KETIDAKPEDULIAN NEGARA DALAM MELINDUNGI HAK-HAK PRT DI INDONESIA. Ganec Swara, 19(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.59896/gara.v19i1.177

Muslim, S., Shinta Hadiyantina, Hudriyah Mundzir, Khrisna Hadiwinata, & Dina Imam Supaat. (2022). Reconstruction of Fulfilling the Rights of Domestic Helpers in Employment Relations as a Form of Respect for Human Rights. Yuridika, 38(2), 243–260. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v38i2.41214

Mutiara, A. S. (2025). Politik Hukum Pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang Pelindungan Pekerja Rumah Tangga. Yustitiabelen, 11(2), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.36563/yustitiabelen.v11i2.1696

Nakita, A. Z., & Tjoneng, A. (2026). Analisis Yuridis tentang Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Pekerja Rumah Tangga dari Perspektif Keadilan dan Kemanfaatan Hukum: Studi terhadap Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Pekerja Rumah Tangga. As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.47467/as.v8i2.11070

Nasution, F. D., Falahiyati, N., & Sahbudi. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja Rumah Tangga Ditinjau Dari Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 2 Tahun 2015 Tentang Perlindungan Pekerja Rumah Tangga. CBJIS: Cross-Border Journal of Islamic Studies, 7(2), 378–389. https://doi.org/10.37567/cbjis.v7i2.4370

PÉREZ, L. M., & GANDOLFI, A. (2024). From dead letter to functional policy? Domestic workers’ rights and “disformality” in Peru. International Labour Review, 163(3), 455–476. https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12436

Prawira, M. R. Y., Azharia, D. P., Ibrahim, A. L., & Simanjuntak, A. A. (2024). The Urgency of Ratification Draft Bill On Protection of Indonesian Domestic Workers: A Human Rights Perspective. Indonesia Law Reform Journal, 4(3), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.22219/ilrej.v4i3.36428

Putri, A. A. D., Yulianis, M. S. F., & Samuji. (2026). Tinjauan Yuridis Kekerasan Terhadap Pekerja Rumah Tangga Yang Melakukan Pencurian Oleh Majikan Sehingga Menyebabkan Luka Berat Dan Mental Dalam Keadilan Dan Kepastian Hukum Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 254/Pid.Sus/2023/Pn Jkt.Sel). Al-Zayn : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 4(2), 5120–5144. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v4i2.4987

Putri, D., & Hanjani, V. P. (2025). KETIKA HAK PEKERJA RUMAH TANGGA TERABAIKAN: POTRET REALITAS DAN JALAN LEGISLASI RUU PPRT (RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN PEKERJA RUMAH TANGGA) YANG MANGKRAK. Jurnal Antropologi: Rineka, 1(1).

Raharningtyas, P. purbasari, & Sergio, D. (2026). DISCRIMINATION AGAINST DOMESTIC WORKERS: STRUCTURALINEQUALITY AND THE URGENT NEED FOR PRIVATE LEGAL PROTECTIONTHROUGH INDONESIA’S DOMESTIC WORKER PROTECTION BILL. Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan, 11(1), 109–129. https://doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v11i1.7754

Rayandi, N. A., & Fauzi, N. P. (2025). Penguatan Perlindungan Hak Pekerja Rumah Tangga: Urgensi Ratifikasi Konvensi ILO 189 dan Dampaknya Terhadap RUU PPRT Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.56370/jhlg.v6i5.667

Sinaga, D. I. P. (2025). RUU PRT: Politik Hukum di Antara Konstitusi dan Realitas Sosial. Kompasiana.Com. https://www.kompasiana.com/dwiintan6293/693f6ddaed6415342072ff32/ruu-prt-politik-hukum-di-antara-konstitusi-dan-realitas-sosial?page=1&page_images=2

Suyanto. (2023). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Pengantar Penelitian Normatif, Empiris dan Gabungan. Unigres Press.

Syaifudin, A. (2025). Hukum Ketenagakerjaan dan Agenda Pembangunan Nasional: Peran Regulasi dalam Mendorong Kerja Layak, Pertumbuhan Inklusif, dan Ekonomi yang Berkelanjutan. Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities, Volume 29.

Yetniwati, Y., Hartati, H., Zulkarnain, I., Kunarti, S., & Fatricia, R. S. (2024). Rebuilding Justice: Reimagining Housemaid Protection through the Lens of Human Rights. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 9(2), 1137–1180. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v9i2.19172

Yulita, V., Utari, D., Kurniawan, A., Kusumandari, S. A., Sawiji, H. W., Arbiyanti, H., & Adnan, E. (2026). Investing in Care Workers: Positioning Domestic Care Workers in Indonesia’s Care Economy. SMERU.